What is AI or artificial intelligence?

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Artificial intelligence is, by definition, a subfield of computer science that aims to create a technical equivalent of human intelligence. However, there are many theories and methodological approaches to what intelligence is and how it can be technically emulated. It is therefore difficult to provide a precise definition of artificial intelligence due to the complexity of the concept of intelligence itself.

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There are also differences of opinion regarding the “similarity relationship” with humans: should the machine be built exactly like a human brain? This simulation approach aims for an exact replication of brain functions. Or should the veterinary email database machine act like a human being, i.e. resemble one only in the final result? This phenomenological approach deals exclusively with what humans perceive of artificial intelligence, regardless of the technical process behind it.

Today, artificial intelligence is primarily developed for technical tasks . The goal is not so much for AI to master human communication, but for it to perform highly specialized tasks efficiently. The Turing test is used for these technologies : if a technical system has the same capabilities as a human in a sub-domain (for example, in medical diagnosis or a game of chess), it is called an artificially intelligent system. Accordingly, there are two definitions of artificial intelligence: a “strong” one and a “weak” one.

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Strong artificial intelligence: the vision
The definition of strong AI refers to an intelligence capable of replacing the entire human being, with all its various capabilities. This universal approach of the human being as a machine has existed since the Enlightenment, but it remains fiction. There are different dimensions of intelligence that belong to strong AI: cognitive, sensorimotor, emotional and social. Most current applications of artificial intelligence focus primarily on the area of ​​cognitive intelligence, such as logic, planning, problem solving, autonomy and the formation of individual perspectives.

Weak AI: The Reality
The definition of weak AI, on the other hand, refers to the development and use of artificial intelligence in clearly defined areas of application . This is the stage in which current AI research is currently at. Almost all current application fields of artificial intelligence fall into the realm of weak, but highly specialized, AI. This includes the development of autonomous vehicles, medical diagnostics, intelligent search algorithms, and automation, among other examples.

In the field of weak AI, research has made revolutionary progress in recent years. The development of intelligent systems in specific areas has proven to be not only more feasible from a practical point of view , but also ethically less controversial than research into superintelligence. The fields of application of weak artificial intelligence are extremely diverse, but it is used with particular success in medicine, finance, the transport industry and marketing… and, of course, on the Internet.